高性能金属材料高能电脉冲处理工艺研究进展

电脉冲处理是一种周期式高能量非平衡输入方式的新型热处理方法,本文重点介绍了电脉冲处理工艺对金属材料再结晶、相变和非晶晶化等影响。从材料热力学和动力学的角度出发,阐述了电脉冲降低材料热力学能垒和加速原子扩散的作用机制,揭示了电脉冲诱发快速再结晶、相变和非晶纳米晶化的机理。电脉冲处理技术有利于金属材料组织结构优化控制和性能提升,在高性能金属材料制备与加工行业中具有广阔的应用前景。     

轮胎“魔三角”性能相关专利技术综述

轮胎的滚动阻力、抗湿滑性能和耐磨性能之间密切相关,是轮胎胎面胶最为重要的3项性能。本文通过对该领域的专利进行检索和分析,了解该领域专利申请趋势、重点申请人和专利法律状态,从橡胶基体和添加剂方面梳理该领域专利技术的发展状况。     

近五年电子鼻技术在食品安全的应用进展

电子鼻因快速、无损、便捷的特点,已在食品安全保障发挥积极作用。本文综述了近五年电子鼻在新鲜度监控及货架期预测、农残检测、致病微生物及毒素检测、掺假及鉴伪检测、过敏原识别的应用,对比了其他检测手段,展示了与其他技术融合的情况,分析了存在问题,并展望了发展趋势。     

连续纤维增强复合材料3D打印中国专利分析

以连续纤维增强复合材料3D打印领域的中国专利数据为分析样本，从专利申请的时间分布、申请人状况、专利技术分布等多角度详细剖析了国内连续纤维增强复合材料3D打印专利技术的产业发展状况。     

Optimization and evaluation of swing leg retraction for a hydraulic biped robot

To improve the locomotion performance of legged robots, the swing leg retraction (SLR) technique is investigated in a hydraulic biped robot. First, the influence of SLR on the locomotion performance of the hydraulic biped robot is analyzed in theory and simulations based on an extended spring load inverted pendulum model. The influence contains three performance indicators: energy loss/effiency, friction/slipping, and impact/compliance. Second, by synthesizing three performance indicators, using unified objective method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal SLR rate for gait planning based on Bezier curve is addressed. Finally, experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method. And, the results show that the SLR technique is useful to reduce the impact force, improve the robot's locomotion stability and make room for impedance performance improvement of compliance controller. This research provides an insight for locomotion control of hydraulic legged robots.     

苦丁茶冬青多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的免疫调节和抗氧化作用

本文通过体外培养小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞研究苦丁茶冬青多糖对正常小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞免疫调节和抗氧化作用的影响。测定了不同浓度的苦丁茶冬青多糖（polysaccharide from Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng）对脾脏淋巴细胞体外增殖能力、抗氧化酶（SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px和CAT）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及炎性细胞因子（TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-1β）分泌水平的影响。结果显示，小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖与苦丁茶冬青多糖浓度呈正相关，在80和160 μg/mL浓度时，吸光度值分别为0.38和0.41，与空白对照组（0.31）相比具有极显著差异（P<0.01）；SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px和CAT活力随苦丁茶冬青多糖浓度的增加而增强，浓度为160 μg/mL时，抗氧化酶活力分别为4.54 U/mg蛋白、1.06 mmol/mg蛋白、799.01 mU/mg蛋白和806.85 U/mg蛋白，与空白对照组相比具有极显著性差异（P<0.01）；此外，与空白对照组相比，苦丁茶冬青多糖显著降低MDA含量、促进NO分泌和促进脾脏淋巴细胞分泌TNF-α、IFN-γ和IL-1β。本研究结果表明苦丁茶冬青多糖可通过促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖、增强细胞抗氧化能力及诱导炎性细胞因子分泌等发挥其免疫增强活性，该研究可为苦丁茶冬青的开发和利用提供理论支撑。     

What signal is your inspection team sending to each other? Using a shared collaborative interface to improve shared cognition and implicit coordination in error-detection teams

Coordination theory, created in a collaborative HCI context, has long emphasized the importance of implicit coordination. Such coordination is possible through interactivity design that creates shared cognition. Teams experience implicit coordination when they achieve tacit task coordination without direct or purposeful communication of task strategies among the participants, but this is impossible to achieve without shared cognition. Implicit coordination is often more effective than explicit coordination, and teams increasingly lack sufficient time or capabilities to coordinate explicitly; therefore, methods to foster implicit coordination could result in highly practical techniques to improve task performance. Implicit coordination, despite its promise, has not received much attention in the HCI literature. A particular problem we believe has hindered the application of implicit coordination is the dearth of objective measurement of implicit coordination and the related construct shared cognition. Teams have difficulty improving, implementing, and proving the value of implicit coordination without measurement.For our theoretical foundation, we use implicit coordination theory (ICT) to explain and predict how a simple shared interface in a group error-detection task can establish formalized group memory and group awareness, which foster the shared cognition necessary for implicit coordination to occur. To test ICT, we demonstrate innovative measurement of implicit coordination and shared cognition—without intrusive perceptual survey items—by leveraging measures from signal detection theory (SDT). We use the context of teams performing heuristic data-flow diagramming (HDFD) (which is similar to the Prepare, Collect, and Repair (PCR)-based process of heuristic evaluation) to measure the improved shared cognition and implicit coordination. Namely, we measured shared cognition with SDT's measure of response bias (c); we measured implicit coordination with SDT's measure of discrimination (d′). Supporting our ICT-based predictions, groups operating with a shared interface indeed experienced more shared cognition and implicit coordination—resulting in higher discrimination, more positive response bias, and more accurate hit rates and false-alarm rates than the control groups. Our results show great promise in making similar predictions, measurements, and improvements in other individual or group inspection tasks, which are prevalent in HCI development research and practice.     

专利质量提升工程中的创造性审查实践

十余年间随着知识产权事业的蓬勃发展, 我国专利的数量也随之不断攀升, 但专利“大而不强, 多而不精” 的 情况愈发凸显。在整个专利生命链条中, 专利的审查工作具有承上启下的作用。在发明专利实质审查过程中, 专利 是否具备创造性是审查的重点, 针对专利的创造性审查从诞生之初就与专利质量的提升密切相关。结合具体案例, 对创造性审查在专利质量提升过程中的运用进行初步探讨, 其对高校专利申请的撰写和审查意见的答复具有参考 意义。     

Analysis of technological production in biotechnology in northeast Brazil

The aim of the article was to analyze the technological production in Biotechnology in the northeast of Brazil between 1983 and 2012. Data were collected from the analysis of patent applications submitted by professors affiliated to graduate programs in Biotechnology in the region. The research sources were as follows: institutional websites of the northeastern graduate programs, patent bank of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and the Lattes platform maintained by the National Research Council (CNPq). A total of 191 patent applications submitted by researchers residing in the region were identified. Data were analyzed using bibliometrics. The results point to a growing trend in the technological production of biotechnology in the region, with universities and research institutes accounting for the largest number of applications. There was also intense cooperation with public universities in the southern and southeast regions.     

高性能掺硼金刚石电极的研究进展

常规的2D-BDD平板电极反应活性面积小，降解效率低，难以实现污水的高效化处理。为了提高污水处理时的降解效率，通常期望BDD电极具有高的比表面积来提高反应活性面积，以及具有特殊的表面结构来提高氧化催化能力。然而，这样的BDD存在制备工艺复杂、设备昂贵等缺点。因此，聚焦于BDD电极的制备方法，对比不同制备方法的优缺点，探讨BDD电极在污水处理中的工业化应用前景。